《华盛顿邮报》8月23日报道，美国一名联邦法官21日裁定，特朗普政府禁止向75国公民签发移民签证的政策无效，理由是该项政策基于国籍进行歧视，违反了联邦移民法。报道特别指出，这名法官是拜登任命的。
CLEVELAND -- The Cleveland Museum of Art has sued New York City authorities over their seizure of a headless bronze statue believed to depict the Roman emperor and philosopher Marcus Aurelius.A warrant signed by a judge in Manhattan on Aug. 14 ordered the seizure of the statue, which the museum acquired in 1986 and had been a highlight of its collection of ancient Roman art. The museum argues in its suit that the statue was lawfully obtained and that Manhattan District Attorney Alvin Bragg’s office has no legal authority to seize it.The warrant was secured as part of an ongoing investigation into a smuggling network involving antiquities looted from Bubon in southwestern Turkey and trafficked through Manhattan, a spokesperson for Bragg has said. The 76-inch (1.9-meter) statue dates from A.D. 180 to 200 and is worth $20 million, according to the district attorney’s office. The suit filed Thursday asks a judge to declare that the museum is the rightful owner of the statue, which it calls “one of the most significant works in the (museum’s) collection” of some 61,000 objects. Museum officials have repeatedly told the district attorney that their evidence is insufficient and suggested other investigative avenues, according to the suit, but all have been refused.The museum said it also has consulted experts who cast “significant doubt” on the identification of the statue as Marcus Aurelius, noting the experts believe it’s more likely a statue of another Greek philosopher.A spokesman for Bragg said the office is reviewing the lawsuit and “will respond in court papers.” He also noted the office has successfully recovered more than 4,600 illegally traffic antiquities.Museum spokesman Todd Mesek said it does not discuss ongoing litigation but noted the museum takes provenance issues very seriously.The statue was removed from view earlier this year, and the museum changed the description of the piece on its website, where it calls the statue a “Draped Male Figure" instead of indicating a connection to Marcus Aurelius.Turkey first made claims about the statue in 2012 when it released a list of nearly two dozen objects in the Cleveland museum’s collection that it said had been looted from Bubon and other locations. Museum officials said at the time that Turkey had provided no hard evidence of looting.The Manhattan district attorney’s office has worked in recent years to repatriate hundreds of objects looted from countries including Turkey, Greece, Israel and Italy. It was unclear who might be targeted in the investigation of the statue seized in Cleveland.Marcus Aurelius ruled as Roman emperor from A.D. 161 to 180 and was a Stoic philosopher whose “Meditations” have been studied over the centuries.The seized statue shows a man in flowing robes holding one hand in front of him in a regal pose.。美国国务院今年早些时候表示，将暂停向阿富汗、巴西、也门及其他数十个国家公民发放移民签证，原因是特朗普政府认定这些国家的人入境美国后很可能“需要公共援助”。纽约南区联邦地区法官珍妮特·A·巴尔加斯（Jeannette A. Vargas）周五裁定，该政策还会在领事官员已对申请人进行评估、并认定其具备自给能力的情况下，仍禁止美国政府签发移民签证。
B | 巴尔加斯表示：“从多方面来看，这并非疑难案件。
C | ”她指出，1952年《移民与国籍法》禁止在移民签证发放中基于国籍进行歧视，而特朗普政府的政策“仅凭国籍”就剥夺了部分人的移民签证资格。随后，巴尔加斯援引一份美国外交电报，该电报指示各领事馆拒绝向签证已获批但尚未寄出的申请人发放移民签证。巴尔加斯表示，特朗普政府的政策“违反法律”，且超出了美国国务卿马尔科·卢比奥的权限。法官的裁决撤销了该签证禁令，同时也撤销了仅基于该政策作出的拒签决定。美国国务院一位发言人对媒体表示，特朗普政府“通过对签证申请人坚持执行最高标准的筛查与审查，来保护美国人民”，并补充称政府不对正在进行的诉讼发表评论。国务院发布该禁令时曾表示，该政策将“持续有效，直到美国能够确保新移民不会从美国人民身上榨取财富”。法律援助协会监督律师苏珊·韦尔伯代表原告起诉联邦政府。她声称，这项针对75国的签证禁令“基于一个虚构的前提”，即目标国家的居民如果来到美国，很可能会使用公共资源。韦尔伯表示：“每当我们反击那些基于虚构、不实信息和偏见而发起的政策时，我认为我们在推动移民体系更加公正。”西部法律与贫困中心（Western Center on Law amp; Poverty）高级律师安托瓦内特·多齐尔对此称：“对于这75个国家的众多家庭来说，这项裁决意味着回归公平、逐案审查的流程，并有机会与亲人团聚。
D | 没有任何一届政府可以因为认为申请人的国籍不可接受，就凌驾于法律之上。”观察者网查询发现，美国纽约州民主党籍联邦参议员柯尔斯滕·吉利布兰德（Kirsten Gillibrand）在2024年向时任美国总统拜登推荐了珍妮特·巴尔加斯，建议由她担任纽约南区联邦地区法院法官。当年3月20日，吉利布兰德发表声明称：“我很自豪并感激拜登总统提名珍妮特·巴尔加斯担任纽约南区联邦地区法院法官。
E | 巴尔加斯女士在纽约南区联邦检察官办公室服务超过二十年，是复杂民事诉讼领域的专家，经办过从重大金融欺诈调查到第11章破产程序等各类案件，同时在保护和加强LGBTQ群体公民权利方面也有着卓越的记录。”珍妮特·巴尔加斯当时任纽约南区联邦检察官办公室助理联邦检察官。
F | 巴尔加斯1995年以“优异成绩”（magna cum laude）获得哈佛学院文学学士学位，2000年获得耶鲁法学院法学博士学位。她曾在辛普森·撒切尔律师事务所担任律师，以及美国第二巡回上诉法院的法官书记员。很快，她就在2002年加入纽约南区联邦检察官办公室，担任民事分部普通助理联邦检察官。2009年晋升为税务与破产部副主管，2010年升任税务与破产部主管，2014年至2016年间担任高级出庭律师，自2016年起担任民事分部副主管。
